Introduction of CPP (C++ का परिचय)

C++ का परिचय

C++ एक Object Oriented Programming(OOP) Language है इसको Bjarne Stroutrup ने AT & T Bell Lab, Murry hill, new Jersey USA में 1979 में बनाया था । C++ को C Language से derive किया है ।

C++ Program

Object(1)

Object(2)

Object(3)

Object Oriented Programming(OOP) : 

OOPs is a programming methodology that focuses on objects and it is based on four principals

1. Abstraction 2. Encapsulation 3. Inheritance 4. Polymorphism

Features of OOPs

1. Class
2. Object
3. Abstraction
4. Encapsulation
5. Inheritance
6. Polymorphism
7. Modularity

Class 

A class is an abstract idea that defines characteristics and behaviour of an object.

Or 

A Class is an collection of data member and member functions. Member functions operates on data.

Abstraction ( Data Hiding) 

The Concept of hiding internal details of an object na showing only external behaviour is called abstraction. 

Data abstraction - Refers to the hiding of data. 

Encapsulation 

The wrapping up of data with functions/code is encapsulation. 

Abstraction is always implemented by encapsulation. 

Inheritance 

It refer to the derivation of new class(es) from the existing class(es). 

Inheritance is a process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.  

उपरोक्त diagram में यदि एक claas को base class कहेगे तो उससे derive क्लास को derived class कहेगे 

यदि एक class को parent क्लास कहेगे तो उससे derive क्लास को child क्लास कहेगे 

यदि एक class को super क्लास कहेगे तो उससे derive क्लास को sub क्लास कहेगे

यदि एक class को old क्लास कहेगे तो उससे derive क्लास को new क्लास कहेगे

Types of Inheritance 

1. Single level

2. Multilevel

3. Multiple.

4. Hierarchical or Tree

5. Hybrid

1. Single Level Inheritance 

  

1. Multi Level Inheritance 

Polymorphism (Greek word)

Poly - Many

Morphism - Form

It means one thing with many forms 

Next (Design of class & Access specifier)